6. Medication side effects
Certain medications commonly cause swelling of the feet as a side effect. These include calcium channel blockers (used for hypertension), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and some diabetes treatments.
These drugs can cause fluid retention or affect kidney function, contributing to edema. The swelling is usually bilateral and develops gradually.
If swelling begins after starting a new medication, inform your healthcare provider. They can evaluate whether the medication is the cause and may adjust the dose or switch to an alternative.
- Calcium channel blockers (e.g., amlodipine)
- NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen)
- Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone)
- Certain diabetes medications (e.g., thiazolidinediones)
7. Infections
Infections such as cellulitis can lead to localized swelling in the feet and ankles. This bacterial skin infection causes redness, warmth, pain, and swelling, often accompanied by fever.
Cellulitis requires prompt antibiotic treatment to prevent complications. The infection typically affects areas where the skin barrier is broken, such as cuts, insect bites, or wounds.
- Red, swollen, painful, and warm skin
- Possible fever and chills
- Rapid onset
- History of skin injury or ulcers
If you suspect cellulitis, seek medical attention immediately for diagnosis and treatment.
8. Injury or trauma
Physical injury to the foot or ankle, including sprains, fractures, or bruising, causes inflammation and swelling as part of the healing process.
Swelling from trauma is usually localized, accompanied by pain, and may be associated with bruising or limited mobility.
Injuries should be evaluated by a healthcare professional, especially if swelling is severe, pain is intense, or there is difficulty bearing weight.
- Localized swelling and tenderness
- Bruising or discoloration
- Reduced range of motion
- History of recent trauma
